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<div>
<p class="xmsonospacing" style="background:white"><span style="color:black">FYSA</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xmsonospacing" style="background:white"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="xmsonospacing" style="background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black">Today, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) published a Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA)
detailing tactics, techniques, procedures (TTPs) and key findings from a 2022 Red Team assessment to provide network defenders of critical infrastructure organizations proactive steps they can take to reduce the threat of similar activity from malicious cyber
actors. </span></span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonospacing" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonospacing" style="background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black">The advisory titled,
</span></span><span style="color:black"><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-059a"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif">CISA Red Team Shares Key Findings to Improve Monitoring and Hardening of Networks</span></a></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black">,
highlights the importance for all organizations to collect and monitor logs for unusual activity as well as continuous testing and exercises to ensure their environment is not vulnerable to compromise, regardless of its cybersecurity maturity level.</span></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:#030303">
During the assessment, CISA’s red team emulated cyber threat actors to assess the cyber detection and response capabilities of a large critical infrastructure organization with multiple geographically separated sites.
</span></span><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonospacing" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonospacing" style="margin-right:31.7pt;background:white;text-autospace:none">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black">The CSA includes key findings the team found that
<b>contributed to persistent, undetected access</b> across the organization’s sites: </span></span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:white">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif">Insufficient host and network monitoring. Some of the higher risk activities conducted by the team that could have been detected include phishing, lateral movement reuse,
and anomalous Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). </span></span><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:white">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif">Lack of monitoring on endpoint management systems. Endpoint management systems provide elevated access to thousands of hosts and should be treated as high value assets
(HVAs) with additional restrictions and monitoring. </span></span><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:white">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif">Excessive permissions to standard users. This misconfiguration allowed the team to use the low-level access of a phished user to move laterally to an Unconstrained Delegation
host and compromise a domain controller. </span></span><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black">Some of the recommended actions in this CSA that can help all organizations harden their environment and protect
against real-world malicious activity by cyber threat actors include: </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif">Establish a security baseline of normal network activity; tune network and host-based appliances to detect anomalous behavior. </span></span><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif">Conduct regular assessments to ensure appropriate procedures are created and can be followed by security staff and end users. </span></span><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6;background:white">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif">Enforce phishing-resistant MFA to the greatest extent possible. </span></span><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black">The CSA provides other recommended actions and mitigations as well as more technical details that organizations
should review. </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#1F497D">Theresa A. Masse<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cybersecurity State Coordinator/Advisor, Region 10 (Oregon)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Department of Homeland Security<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Phone: (503) 930-5671
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Email:</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#777777">
</span><a href="mailto:theresa.masse@cisa.dhs.gov"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#0563C1">theresa.masse@cisa.dhs.gov</span></a><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#0760C1"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="97" height="97" style="width:1.0138in;height:1.0138in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01D94B44.AF21AF60"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-family:"Franklin Gothic Book",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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