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<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk122600425">Good afternoon,<span style="mso-ligatures:none"><o:p></o:p></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">The SOC Services team is reporting on the vulnerability:</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ligatures:none">
</span><b>CVE-2023-44487 HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Vulnerability</b>. Due to its high visibility and knowledge of the software installed in the state environment, we are providing this in-depth information:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>History</u></b>: On October 10, 2023, CISA added CVE-2023-44487 to the known exploited vulnerabilities catalog. CVE-2023-44487 is a denial-of-service (DoS) known as Rapid Reset that impacts
the HTTP/2 protocol, which was exploited in the largest mitigated DDOS attacks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Stats from mitigated attacks:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo9"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Google Cloud: above 398 million rps<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo9"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Cloudflare: 201 million rps<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo9"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Amazon: 155 million rps<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">CISA recommends organizations that provide HTTP/2 services apply patches when available and consider configuration changes and other mitigations discussed in the references below. For more information
on Rapid Reset, see:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Cloudflare:
</span><a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/technical-breakdown-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack/"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">HTTP/2 Rapid Reset: deconstructing the record-breaking attack</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Google:
</span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/how-it-works-the-novel-http2-rapid-reset-ddos-attack"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">How it works: The novel HTTP/2 ‘Rapid Reset’ DDoS attack</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">AWS:
</span><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2023-011/"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">CVE-2023-44487 - HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">NGINX:
</span><a href="https://www.nginx.com/blog/http-2-rapid-reset-attack-impacting-f5-nginx-products/"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack Impacting NGINX Products</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Organizations can take proactive steps to reduce the effects of DoS attacks. See the following guidance for more information:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">CISA:
</span><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/understanding-and-responding-to-ddos-attacks_508c.pdf"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Understanding and Responding to Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">CISA:
</span><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ceg-additional-ddos-guidance-for-federal-agencies_508c.pdf"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Additional DDoS Guidance for Federal Agencies</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Intelligence</u></b>: CVE-2023-44487 has been confirmed as being exploited in the wild between August 2023 to October 2023.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Workarounds:</u></b> Workarounds are vendor specific.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>How it works</u></b>: The CVE-2023-44487 HTTP/2 vulnerability allows malicious actors to launch a DDoS attack targeting HTTP/2 servers. The attack sends a set number of HTTP requests using
HEADERS followed by RST_STREAM and repeating this pattern to generate a high volume of traffic on the targeted HTTP/2 servers. By packing multiple HEADERS and RST_STREAM frames in a single connection, attackers can cause a significant increase in the request
per second and high CPU utilization on the servers that eventually can cause resource exhaustion.<span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Post-Exploit</u></b>: Upon successful exploitation of the vulnerability, a threat actor could execute denial-of-service attacks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">As of October 10, 2023, the following vulnerability plugins are currently in Tenable Security Center:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="119" valign="top" style="width:89.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Plugin<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="672" valign="top" style="width:7.0in;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Title<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="162" valign="top" style="width:121.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Severity<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="119" valign="top" style="width:89.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span><a href="https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/182812"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">182812</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="672" valign="top" style="width:7.0in;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apache Tomcat 11.0.0.M1 < 11.0.0.M12 multiple vulnerabilities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="162" valign="top" style="width:121.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">High<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="119" valign="top" style="width:89.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span><a href="https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/182811"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">182811</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="672" valign="top" style="width:7.0in;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apache Tomcat 8.5.0 < 8.5.94 multiple vulnerabilities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="162" valign="top" style="width:121.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">High<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="119" valign="top" style="width:89.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span><a href="https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/182809"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">182809</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="672" valign="top" style="width:7.0in;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 < 9.0.81 multiple vulnerabilities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="162" valign="top" style="width:121.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">High<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="119" valign="top" style="width:89.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span><a href="https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/182818"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">182818</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="672" valign="top" style="width:7.0in;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apache Tomcat 10.1.0.M1 < 10.1.14 multiple vulnerabilities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<td width="162" valign="top" style="width:121.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Medium<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Recommended Actions</u></b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Verify host has not been compromised before applying patches.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apply appropriate updates provided by vendor to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ligatures:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ligatures:none"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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