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<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk122600425">Good morning,</a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="mso-ligatures:none"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">The SOC Services team is reporting on the vulnerability:
<b><i>CVE-2023-36845 Juniper Junos OS SRX Series and EX Series PHP External Variable Modification Vulnerability</i></b> as well as four other medium severity Junos OS vulnerabilities. Due to high visibility, knowledge of the devices installed in the state
environment, and active exploitation, we are providing this in-depth information:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>History</u></b>: On August 17, 2023, Juniper Networks released a security bulletin identifying how several vulnerabilities may be chained together for exploitation against their Junos OS SRX
and EX Series firewalls and switches. CVE-2023-36845 is an external variable modification vulnerability in J-Web and is currently assigned a CVSSv3 rating of 9.8 (Critical). Four other medium severity vulnerabilities were also addressed in the security
bulletin that may be combined with CVE-2023-36845 for remote code execution: CVE-2023-36844, CVE-2023-36846, CVE-2023-36847, and CVE-2023-36851. Each of the CVEs were established on August 17, 2023. While each CVE was initially assigned a medium severity
rating, CVE-2023-36845 was upgraded to a severity rating of critical once Juniper became aware of the combination PoC exploit. As of November 13, 2023 CISA added all five CVEs to their Known Exploited Vulnerability catalog.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">The following Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series and EX Series devices:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">All versions prior to 20.4R3-S9<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">21.1 version 21.1R1 and later versions;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-S7;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">21.3 versions prior to 21.3R3-S5;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">21.4 versions prior to 21.4R3-S5;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.1 versions prior to 22.1R3-S4;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.2 versions prior to 22.2R3-S2;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.3 versions prior to 22.3R2-S2, 22.3R3-S1;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.4 versions prior to 22.4R2-S1, 22.4R3;<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">23.2 versions prior to 23.2R1-S1, 23.2R2.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Patches are available from Juniper Networks to fix the vulnerabilities. The fixed versions are:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">20.4R3-S9<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">21.3R3-S5<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.1R3-S4<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.2R3-S2<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.3R2-S2<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.3R3-S1<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.4R2-S1<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">23.2R1-S1<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Additionally, as of November 13, 2023, the following patches are pending publication:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">21.2R3-S7*<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">21.4R3-S5*<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">22.4R3*<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">23.2R2*<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">23.4R1*<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Further information is available from Juniper Networks Support Portal as published in their Security Bulletin:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Knowledge Base Out-of-Cycle Security Bulletin – https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/2023-08-Out-of-Cycle-Security-Bulletin-Junos-OS-SRX-Series-and-EX-Series-Multiple-vulnerabilities-in-J-Web-can-be-combined-to-allow-a-preAuth-Remote-Code-Execution<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Intelligence</u></b>: As of November 8, 2023, Juniper Networks is aware that the CVEs are used in combination and have been exploited in the wild. It is very likely that the exploits will
continue to be leveraged by threat actors over the coming months.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Workarounds:</u></b> In lieu of patching devices Juniper Networks’ recommended workaround is to disable J-Web on affected devices or limit access to only trusted hosts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span></o:p></span></u></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>How it works</u></b>: When chained, the vulnerabilities permit an unauthenticated user to upload an arbitrary file in the JunOS filesystem and then execute it. The attack chain does not allow
for OS-level code execution, instead it provides an attacker code execution within a BSD jail. Although restricted to the BSD jail, successful exploitation could provide an opportunity for an attacker to pivot to internal networks. Security researchers have
observed exploitation attempts that upload and execute a PHP file against affected devices.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Post-Exploit</u></b>: Upon successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities, an attacker could execute arbitrary code within the management interface, or pivot to gain access to internal networks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">No known indicators of compromise have been publicly shared at this time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">As of August 25, 2023, the following vulnerability plugins have been released and are currently in Tenable Security Center:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Plugin<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Title<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Severity<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span><a href="https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/180190"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">180190</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b>Juniper Junos OS Pre-Auth RCE (JSA72300)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Critical<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"><b><u>Recommended Actions</u></b>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Verify host has not been compromised before applying patches.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apply appropriate updates provided by vendor to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Limit access to affected devices from only trusted hosts.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Utilize web application firewalls to filter and monitor incoming web traffic.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo8"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk122600425">Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services.</span><o:p></o:p></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="color:#1F497D;mso-ligatures:none"><img border="0" width="121" height="87" style="width:1.2638in;height:.9097in" id="Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image001.png@01D9F1DD.F2FA0BC0"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><b><span style="mso-ligatures:none">Cyber Security Services<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="mso-ligatures:none">State of Oregon Cyber Security Services<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="mso-ligatures:none">Enterprise Information Services | SOC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="mso-ligatures:none">Cyber Security Services (CSS)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="mso-ligatures:none">SOC Hotline: (503) 378-5930 | SOC Services (503) 373-0378<span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><i><span style="color:#2E74B5;mso-ligatures:none">“Ensuring user-friendly, reliable and secure state technology systems that serve Oregonians.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
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