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<body bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Good afternoon,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">The SOC Services team is reporting on the vulnerability
<b>CVE-2026-31431: </b></span><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Linux Kernel Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres Vulnerability.
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Due to its high visibility</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">, we are providing this in-depth information.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">History:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"> CVE-2026-31431 was publicly disclosed on April 15, 2026, after security
researchers identified a logic error in the AF_ALG userspace crypto interface. The CVSS v3.x base score is 7.8 (High) as reported by kernel.org and assigned by CISA-ADP.<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4 style="margin-top:0in"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></h4>
<h4 style="margin-top:0in"><span lang="EN" style="color:windowtext"><o:p> </o:p></span></h4>
<h4 style="margin-top:0in"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Affected Versions<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc" id="affectedVersionsList">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Linux Kernel 4.10 through 6.12.11<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<h4 style="margin-top:0in"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Fixed Versions<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc" id="fixedVersionsList">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Linux Kernel 6.12.12<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Linux Kernel 6.6.75 (LTS)<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Linux Kernel 6.1.127 (LTS)<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Vendor Advisory:
<a href="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=cf31431bcfe2026">
Linux Kernel Security Update for AF_ALG Interface</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Intelligence:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-weight:normal"> On May 1, 2026, CISA confirmed the vulnerability
as being exploited in wild and has added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog.<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p><strong><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Exploitability:</span></strong><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Local Exploitability<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Complexity:</span></strong> Low<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">User Interaction:</span></strong> None<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Remotely Exploitable:</span></strong> No<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Proof of Concept:</span></strong> Publicly available (GitHub 'CopyFail-LPE')<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Zero Day:</span></strong> Yes
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Workarounds:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"> Disable AF_ALG module by running the following commands:
<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4 style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.4pt;margin-left:.25in">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:Consolas;font-weight:normal"># echo 'install algif_aead /bin/false' > /etc/modprobe.d/disable-algif.conf<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4 style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:2.4pt;margin-left:.25in">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:Consolas;font-weight:normal"># rmmod algif_aead<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4 style="margin-top:0in"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal">Use Seccomp to block AF_ALG (Address Family 38) socket creation in containers<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">How it Works:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"> The vulnerability (CWE-822: Untrusted Pointer Dereference) occurs
when the splice() system call is used with an AF_ALG socket. A logic error allows userspace to bypass the read-only restriction on page-cache pages. By chaining a crypto operation, an unprivileged user can write controlled data directly into the kernel's page
cache for sensitive binaries like /usr/bin/su, effectively neutralizing authentication logic in memory</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:windowtext;font-weight:normal">.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Post-Exploit Impact:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<ul type="disc" id="postExploitImpactList">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Full System Compromise (Root Access) (CWE-269)<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Container Escape to Host (CWE-119)<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Indicators of Compromise (IoCs):</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="78%" style="width:78.96%;border-collapse:collapse">
<thead>
<tr>
<td width="8%" style="width:8.12%;border:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Type<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="28%" style="width:28.92%;border:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;border-left:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Value<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="47%" style="width:47.18%;border:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;border-left:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Description / Notes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="15%" style="width:15.78%;border:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;border-left:none;background:#F2F2F2;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Source<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="8%" style="width:8.12%;border:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Log Entry<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="28%" style="width:28.92%;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;border-right:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">kernel: algif_aead: unexpected page flags 0x<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Kernel log warning triggered during unsuccessful or specific exploit variations<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Researcher Analysis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Tenable Plugins:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Plugin ID<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Plugin Title<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Severity<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Platform<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/309203">309203</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2026-31431<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">High<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Nessus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/311299">311299</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Debian dsa-6238 : ata-modules-6.12.74+deb13+1-armmp-di - security update<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">High</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Nessus</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h4><span class="first-word1"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Recommended Actions:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-weight:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p><strong><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Date Added to KEV Catalog:</span></strong><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> 2026-05-01<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Due Date for Remediation:</span></strong> 2026-05-15<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Apply vendor-specific kernel security patches immediately<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Reboot systems to clear potentially corrupted memory page caches<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Verify host has not been compromised before applying patches.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Apply appropriate updates provided by the vendor to vulnerable systems after testing.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Run all software as a non-privileged user to reduce the impact of a successful attack.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><img border="0" width="121" height="87" style="width:1.2604in;height:.9062in" id="Picture_x0020_4" src="cid:image001.png@01DCD96D.C6D14B60"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">Cyber Security Services<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">State of Oregon Cyber Security Services<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">Enterprise Information Services | SOC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">Cyber Security Services (CSS)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">SOC Hotline: (503) 378-5930 | SOC Services (503) 373-0378</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;mso-ligatures:standardcontextual"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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