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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">My counter-part at the Texas State Library was asked a question about Pokemon and I think many of you will be interested in what she learned in researching the answer (read the following email). A couple things
stand out to me:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="color:#1F497D">It’s important to evaluate to determine if your use of copyrighted materials fall under the fair use clause. ALA has information about and links to a couple
<a href="http://www.ala.org/advocacy/copyright-tools">fair use evaluation tools</a> you can use to do this.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span class="pullquote"><span style="font-family:Symbol;color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><![endif]><span class="pullquote"><span style="color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">While this technology isn’t necessarily new, its mass popularity and use is new. Therefore,
it will likely bring up new challenges so it’s important we communicate with each other about how to address those challenges. “Augmented reality apps [like PokemonGo] are a quintessential example of disruptive technology. Their impact will extend beyond the
digital world and affect other segments of society that may not currently even be aware of their existence.”
</span></span><span class="pullquote"><span style="color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span class="pullquote"><span style="font-family:Symbol;color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></span><![endif]><span class="pullquote"><span style="color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">Don’t forget, you can check with your library’s legal counsel.</span></span><span class="pullquote"><span style="color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">--Katie
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Christine McNew [<a href="mailto:cmcnew@tsl.texas.gov">mailto:cmcnew@tsl.texas.gov</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 29, 2016 12:51 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> NCDCR.yscon <<a href="mailto:yscon@lists.ncmail.net">yscon@lists.ncmail.net</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Cindy Fisher <<a href="mailto:cfisher@tsl.texas.gov">cfisher@tsl.texas.gov</a>>; Katherine Adelberg <<a href="mailto:kadelberg@tsl.texas.gov">kadelberg@tsl.texas.gov</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [YSCON] Question about Pokemon Characters and Copyright<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Dear Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">I received this query from a children’s librarian.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="color:black">“With the newest Pokemon game craze, lots of libraries are jumping on board with games and such. Has the state library had any questions about copyright issues and using the Pokemon characters
pics for a scavenger hunt or advertising a program?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">At first my colleagues and I thought the same Copyright and Fair Use considerations would apply as with any other game characters</span><span style="color:#1F497D"> -
<a href="http://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html">http://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html</a>.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span style="color:black">1.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
</span><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-style:normal">Purpose and character of the use, including whether the use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes</span></em><span style="color:black">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in"><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-style:normal">2.</span></em><em><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-style:normal">
</span></em><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-style:normal">Nature of the copyrighted work.</span></em><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;font-style:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in"><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-style:normal">3.</span></em><em><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-style:normal">
</span></em><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-style:normal">Amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole.<o:p></o:p></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in">4.<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">
</span><em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;font-style:normal">Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.</span></em><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Then I began research and found relevant articles. Here are excerpts from “Leading-Edge Law: Issues when using ‘Pokemon Go’ to promote business” (Richmond Times-Dispatch, Sunday, July 24, 2016) at
</span><span style="color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.richmond.com/business/learning-center/article_43a941d9-534f-5caa-84d2-0c55486ebbb7.html">http://www.richmond.com/business/learning-center/article_43a941d9-534f-5caa-84d2-0c55486ebbb7.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The game’s terms of service state Niantic considers all of its characters and icons to be its intellectual property, along with the name of the game itself. It warns it can terminate your “Pokemon
Go” account because of any usage of those things for a commercial purpose.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yet, Niantic appears to be tolerating — if not encouraging — some commercial promotion. …<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">… stick to what trademark law calls “nominative fair use.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Under this doctrine, it’s OK to use someone else’s trademark (usually a business, product or service name) without permission when doing so is necessary to send a legal message about your business.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">For example, if you are listing your used Honda automobile on Craigslist, it’s OK to identify it as a Honda.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">You probably won’t encounter a problem by putting out a Facebook or Instagram post or tweet of a screenshot of a Pokemon character captured in your store with a message saying something like “Look
what we caught here!” or “Our lures are drawing them in.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Aside from such game screenshots, avoid using any graphics taken from the game in your visual advertising.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Finally, Niantic obviously has no problem with people using the social media hashtag #PokemonGo, so using it in your social media posts shouldn’t be a problem unless the post otherwise creates
a false appearance of a sponsorship or other affiliation with Niantic or the game.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">This is the final paragraph from another article,<span style="color:black"> “The intriguing legal ramifications of Pokemon Go.” (Nissenbaum Law Group,
July 25, 2016)</span><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black">at
</span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><a href="http://brettterpstra.com/2016/07/25/the-intriguing-legal-ramifications-of-pokemon-go/">http://brettterpstra.com/2016/07/25/the-intriguing-legal-ramifications-of-pokemon-go/</a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<span class="pullquote"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“Augmented reality apps are a quintessential example of disruptive technology. Their impact will extend beyond the digital world and affect other segments of society that
may not currently even be aware of their existence. In the past, the law has done a very uneven job of keeping up with the pace of change created by such disruptive technologies… I could provide more examples, but I just saw a Mewtwo run into my law library.
Gotta catch ‘em all…”</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt">
<o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">I thought about sending these references to the librarian with the caveat that her library may wish to consult with an attorney for legal advice.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Have any of you had similar questions, or do you have information to add?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Christine McNew<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Youth Services Consultant<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Texas State Library and Archives Commission<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">PO Box 12927<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Austin, TX 78711-2927<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">512-463-4856<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">512-936-2306 fax<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.tsl.texas.gov">www.tsl.texas.gov</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="color:#1F497D">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Katie Anderson, Youth Services Consultant
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.oregon.gov/osl/LD/pages/index.aspx">Library Support and Development Services</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Oregon State Library, 250 Winter St. NE, Salem, OR 97301<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><a href="mailto:katie.anderson@state.or.us">katie.anderson@state.or.us</a>, 503-378-2528<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ORLibSupport"><span style="color:#1F497D;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="24" height="24" style="width:.25in;height:.25in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01D1EBCD.EC8CF9A0" alt="cid:image004.png@01D0358C.4523C4D0"></span></a><span style="color:#1F497D">
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