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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif">Welcome to the latest issue of Tech-Talk!</span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif"><br>
Reminder: </span></b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif">When accessing resources at the
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use ORLIBTECH for <b>both</b> the username and password when prompted.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9BpAGYbAsJpl6wkMOihREEx-YOk2d6InV_7Mkjr8PypG1cJrNf7QbBFnEZuraLpIT9wk3gKD9cBcGDAdG4bgsdnKCSGTNumF5GijMsE0Sja68a61M6p7O29NjH4eIslKKYMZo--fR2eAq0L_kvAjNkdg74UsJRF18w==&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w=="><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#315FC3;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="600" height="301" style="width:6.25in;height:3.1369in" id="_x0000_i1055" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/ee1208b4001/eeee5749-b786-416c-a9b3-cc4028965131.png" alt="View through a tunnel with a red button saying View the Tech Tip Video Here and a scenic lake and mountains in the background."></span></b></a><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Photo by
<a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9BpAGYbAsJpl0PJHkSNAcji_lyNev_xP8cix3MGZSDZFuO6pa7RI6D_QQ4lhvt7gT28nGMQqqFYKByCrWuE351TsDRHRPHxSNdsXyj-tWPCjRlhyAKM_vTYn0ubdDoBcpjM8qVF1FcYUhdm7CGz2tODnVcJiTH3ssz2q2o0anZKFZ8K19pMimtnBh4EpuJm9n7TruAeaS1w6mFjNRXz0OFo=&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w==" target="_blank">
<b><span style="color:#315FC3">Erlend Ekseth</span></b></a> on <a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9BpAGYbAsJplEHxW8TT9NxnKtUoyFAVRQ4va3KwnKEiu2GCyj5uy-0I4aIyRpFW4L_pS0cGbVLA8WDzgg_5pZ4TrklpUvBvM4v3R9lz2NryTpTSkatgc1OJeBsRxV5nuc01hZJ6EWoqh8CwOwFseIxwkcz8r4EJlWEBBqTF2Wmlc4XIl6GJ1SXuYvUjMlVKLoV4Kq9RQhyOMswVM7uRu6eJU5TpkIr5IP4thsKfXcUJIfIuyZFwM1gbJXx9KckwxBT8gaitqdHWMMqH8IANsIinUECY0X-NPjQ==&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w==" target="_blank">
<b><span style="color:#315FC3">Unsplash</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0476in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1053" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">Webinars for You</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#C03E30">NOTE</span></b><b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">: Webinars begin at 3 pm ET / 2 pm CT / 1 pm MT / 12 Noon PT and are one
hour long. </span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">March 12: [AI]</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
<i>Empowering Creativity with AI: 3 Tools to Design Stunning Visuals </i></span><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#C03E30">Why attend?</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">You want a boost in your creativeness.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">March 26: [COMMUNICATE]
</span></b><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Unlock the Secret to Effective Communication with the Tech-Talk "Magic Form"
</span></i><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Why attend?
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">You want to create more focused and effective letters, email notes, presentations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">April 9: [SOCIAL MEDIA]</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
<i>Exploring Bluesky: The Next-Generation Social Media Platform </i><b>Why attend?
</b>Learn more about this new "X" competitor.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">April 23: [EXCEL]</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
<i>How to Edit Charts Like a Pro - Basic Techniques </i><b>Why attend: </b>You use charts in Excel but want to learn more about customizing.
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="color:black"><a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9NFVpWInqLqRKXngBH0dm_3tcThwMIvlM8HU2cDhKpl5hQCNoy2pKEx_75xL2XNbr-kwNTOSERLygCopXRce7juEQRzTRv_iTOszRUbrCyPkhVu9yQPurRQ=&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w==" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:white;text-decoration:none">View
Webinars and Register Here</span></b></a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1050" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">Excel/G-Sheets - Finding and Fixing a “Circular Reference”<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Advanced</span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">When working in Excel (or Google Sheets) have you ever had that dreaded message pop up: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">"There are one or more circular references where a formula refers to its own cell either directly or indirectly.”</span></i></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">You see the error note in the box below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><img border="0" width="555" height="292" style="width:5.7797in;height:3.0416in" id="_x0000_i1049" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/ee1208b4001/833a3106-29fd-4564-9b86-a18a5da44cdb.png" alt="Spreadsheet with fruit sales data for three months; a circular reference error message is displayed in Microsoft Excel"></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Well, if you're not a "power user" this error code can be confusing. Let's break it down so that the next time it pops up you know what to do.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1048" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">Identify and Fix Circular Errors<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">First, <b>a <i>circular reference</i></b> in Excel (or
<i>circular dependency</i> in Google Sheets) occurs when a formula cannot be calculated because the<b> specific cell name in which the formula is listed, is also included as part of the formula.
</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Often we say the circular reference is a formula that refers to its
<i>OWN</i> value. </span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">This creates an endless loop which can cause inaccurate results.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<img border="0" width="15" height="1" style="width:.1607in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1047" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/sys/S.gif"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">For example</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">, to keep it simple, say you are adding up the numbers in cells A1, A2 and A3, but the formula is in cell
A3. <b>BOTH a number that you want to include AND the formula can't be in the <i>
same</i> cell.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">As in the example,
<b>one of the most common</b> types of circular references is just that: you're trying to add a column of cells and
<b>you inadvertently include the cell that contains your "total."</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">How does this happen?</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> Maybe you dragged your cursor down a column to add it up, but included the "total" cell as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">So… the first step is to
<b>identify the error and then fix it</b>. Let's look at this process both in Excel and Google Sheets.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1045" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">EXCEL – Fix a Circular Reference<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">As we've said, when you have an error like this, not only does Excel warn you with the "Circular Reference" message, but it highlights the problem cell.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<img border="0" width="15" height="1" style="width:.1547in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1043" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/sys/S.gif"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">In the status bar in the lower-left corner
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">of the spreadsheet, after you've clicked "OK" in the error box, it displays "Circular References" and the cell affected.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">To find and fix the errant cell: </span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">1. Identify the Circular Reference<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">You can click in the cell to visually check it (as in the above.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Or, in the top navigation, go to the
<i>Formulas </i>tab, select <i>Error Checking</i>, and then <i>Circular references</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">It gives you the first cell where a circular reference occurs.
<b>TIP</b>: If you fix the first one, repeating the steps above, will show you the next circular reference cell (if there is one).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">2. Check and Modify the Formula<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">If the formula refers to its own cell (e.g., =A1+A2 in cell A2), remove or adjust the formula;
<b><i>put it in a different location.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">If it's an<b> <i>
indirect</i> circular reference </b>(caused by multiple formulas referring back to each other), trace and break the loop. Excel provides tools to visually track formula relationships:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Trace Precedents -
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Shows which cells
<i>feed</i> into the selected cell.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Trace Dependents -</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> Shows which cells
<i>depend</i> on the selected cell.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">To use these tools:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo5">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Click on the
<i>cell </i>with the circular reference.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo5">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Go to
<i>Formulas</i>, then <i>Trace Precedents</i> (to see incoming references).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo5">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Or,
<i>Trace Dependents</i> (to see outgoing references).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo5">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Follow the blue arrows to find the loop and modify your formula.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo5">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Remove the arrows after reviewing by clicking the
<i>Remove Arrows </i>option in the toolbar.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><img border="0" width="560" height="310" style="width:5.8333in;height:3.2261in" id="_x0000_i1040" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/ee1208b4001/8241c6c6-90ca-4a74-b217-dd058ddd6bb1.png" alt="Spreadsheet showing fruit sales by month with a formula calculating the total in March. Red arrow points to the formula used."></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">Three Basic Solutions to Fix a Circular Reference</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Change one of the formulas
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">so it doesn’t refer back to its own cell.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Move the location of the formula</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> to another cell ... outside of the formula.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Use a fixed value</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> instead of a formula if appropriate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt">
<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1039" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">GOOGLE SHEETS – Fix a Circular Reference<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">In <i>Sheets</i> you can have circular references just like Excel when a formula refers back to its
<i>own </i>cell, either <i>directly</i> or <i>indirectly</i>. The cell will contain: #REF! and when you hover over the cell it will display a
<i>"Circular dependency detected"</i> Error. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><img border="0" width="560" height="255" style="width:5.8333in;height:2.6547in" id="_x0000_i1038" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/ee1208b4001/c57140c5-b512-4858-b11b-df173a7c6b8c.png" alt="Spreadsheet with fruit sales per month. Marchs total shows #REF! error. Red arrow points to error message about circular dependency."></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">1. Identify the Circular Reference<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">In a cell that contains
<b>#REF!</b> look for the "circular reference" error message. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="display:none"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<h1 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">2. Check and Modify the Formula<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt">
<img border="0" width="15" height="1" style="width:.1547in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1037" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/sys/S.gif"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><img border="0" width="335" height="147" style="width:3.488in;height:1.5297in" id="_x0000_i1036" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/ee1208b4001/346f6f45-856b-4b32-a3e5-61ec5ecfc3f1.png" alt="Spreadsheet showing a #REF! error in cell B6 with a tooltip suggesting to change the formula or move the formula to another cell."></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo7">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Click on the problematic cell and manually review your formula to see which cells are being referenced to check for loops.
<b>Example</b>: If cell D6 contains =D2:D6, it is trying to use its own value, causing an error.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-12.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Fix the formula or move it to a new cell.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt">
<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1035" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<h2 align="center" style="margin:0in;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#C03E30">"What is one thing you want your reader (or audience) to</span><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">
<i>think or do differently</i></span><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#C03E30">?"</span><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#606D78">
<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">As a communicator, that's the question you want to ask yourself when you're preparing an important message: a letter, report, presentation ... a project, program, video.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9BpAGYbAsJplEvuY2mFy-hBI7dd8Mq4r3tSPBiVuC9eg8LvimL6-b7X6NTzec2t6O-WB6-2crZnPFGeN3VvkliW6D9CMGzO86PE7PrTmRjqFKmIXnjkJRrmYvzcQWTK_SKFIfpjkdMPKIQ7OzDoepwRl9yD7jVRrn5hm29MBLY9P&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w==" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">Register
for the "Magic Form" Webinar</span></b></a></span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">
</span><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">on March 26th
</span></b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">to discover a communication planning process that produces focused and effective messaging!</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div align="center">
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="color:black"><a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9BpAGYbAsJplEvuY2mFy-hBI7dd8Mq4r3tSPBiVuC9eg8LvimL6-b7X6NTzec2t6O-WB6-2crZnPFGeN3VvkliW6D9CMGzO86PE7PrTmRjqFKmIXnjkJRrmYvzcQWTK_SKFIfpjkdMPKIQ7OzDoepwQjfPNiEbDc1HT6hkR01hFT&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w==" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:white;text-decoration:none">JOIN
THE "MAGIC FORM" WEBINAR</span></b></a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1034" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><img border="0" width="200" height="136" style="width:2.0833in;height:1.4166in" id="_x0000_i1033" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/ee1208b4001/e565d7d1-215e-487a-8e78-f332113e7825.jpg"></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<img border="0" width="15" height="1" style="width:.1547in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1032" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/sys/S.gif"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Communications: Resolving Conflict</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Repeat, persistently and nicely!</span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Wouldn't you agree </span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">that when someone is angry, hurt or distressed, asking,
<i>"What is it that upsets you?" </i>might be helpful?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">When you do inquire, you may not get the quality answer you desire … <b>the first time.</b> If you want a more complete reply or a better answer, ask the question again! Just do it gently and
persistently.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Minimize your <i>comments</i></span></b><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> </span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">on what they’ve
said <b>until you feel they’ve divulged the real issue</b> so that you have more fully grasped the situation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">You could also rephrase</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> with something like,
<i>"So that’s what upsets you?"</i> or "<i>That</i> could be upsetting." (In this case, you're paraphrasing instead of an exact repeat, and you're calmly soliciting more insight.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1031" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9P8WoACzxFnZae2_f3GNXrryv_IIPf_KjcK-CD4dysKuEyQSRa_k3XVxFWJWePwP89RKc5sHWyevJDzyp4049mJgak8YmDcQpkcZFzKab6kn&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w=="><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#315FC3;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="273" height="183" style="width:2.8452in;height:1.9047in" id="_x0000_i1030" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/ee1208b4001/0091e766-eacd-41a9-87a5-f6588196ba86.png"></span></b></a><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<h2 align="center" style="margin:0in;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#606D78"><a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9P8WoACzxFnZae2_f3GNXrryv_IIPf_KjcK-CD4dysKuEyQSRa_k3XVxFWJWePwP89RKc5sHWyevJDzyp4049mKHUoCBMHxxkbAGvUFCFjEb&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w==" target="_blank"><span style="color:#315FC3">www.Tech-Talk.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">When was the last time</span></b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
<b>you visited </b>the Tech-Talk online resource? It has all kinds of fun ways to solve issues, discover new ideas, and hone your skills!</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"><img border="0" width="5" height="1" style="width:.0535in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<img border="0" width="15" height="1" style="width:.1547in;height:.0119in" id="_x0000_i1027" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/sys/S.gif"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<h2 style="margin:0in"><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#606D78"><o:p> </o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style="margin:0in"><span class="ql-cursor"><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#315FC3"></span></span><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#315FC3">We're here to help!</span><span style="font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#606D78"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Tell us</span></b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> what you are unclear about ... a new technique you'd like to learn ... or
some fun tool you've heard about. </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><a href="https://opiayfbab.cc.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001kknNO7MULR50-geE0FR4i72XygxSe7UbOeNPiAbKOUrgtg1c0eoR9MexgLavo6qyzbJkDoamndHW803NzDQmbs1FcFmLy49XB4qx5u9nHxQH-q_WZcU6Eus2d0J_yE7KMBKA3fHSeB5w6k1UZQU9ETbjJCgyvRWOzbJnvTJuO3Q=&c=forA63Jd8srgTy4GGF484_giXipjGe3L8_pize2OU_7a3vbplHCO8A==&ch=u4VlAStxN9Akf7M5iCG-jVS4c-2544kGC56NvvMBjkU0hCKlSB5T0w==" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#315FC3">Use
this form!</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#333333">Copyright 1996-2025 Shared Results International. Published weekly. Distribution is limited by license. For information on how to include additional recipients, contact
<a href="mailto:support@tech-talk.com">support@tech-talk.com</a> 585-615-7795. </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Aptos Display",sans-serif">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Darci Hanning, MLIS (she/her/hers)</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Public Library Consultant / CE Coordinator<br>
<b>Continuing Education Resources: <u><span style="color:#215E99"><a href="https://slo.oregon.gov/conted/"><span style="color:#215E99">https://slo.oregon.gov/conted/</span></a></span></u></b></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">State Library of Oregon
<b>|</b> Library Support and Development Services</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">971-375-3491
<b>|</b> <u><span style="color:#215E99"><a href="mailto:darci.hanning@slo.oregon.gov"><span style="color:#215E99">darci.hanning@slo.oregon.gov</span></a></span></u>
<b>|</b> <u><span style="color:#215E99"><a href="http://www.oregon.gov/library"><span style="color:#215E99">www.oregon.gov/library</span></a></span></u></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><br>
<img border="0" width="408" height="51" style="width:4.25in;height:.5297in" id="Picture_x0020_555978758" src="cid:image001.png@01DB932A.3AAFA260" alt="State Library of Oregon (Logo)"></span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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